The history of the development of the fluorine chemical industry: from "following" to "running" and "leading"
On the basis of a poor and white, China's fluorine chemical industry has established a complete product chain, with a reasonable industrial structure and the world's largest fluorine chemical industrial park.
The history of the development of the fluorine chemical industry: from "following" to "running" and "leading"
Since the founding of New China 70 years ago, China's fluorine chemical industry has continued to grow and develop, forming more than 1,000 enterprises, with a total annual production capacity of more than 5 million tons and annual sales exceeding 60 billion yuan. The production capacity and consumption account for more than 50% of the world. It has become a major producer and consumer of fluorine chemicals after North America, Europe and Japan.
The germination of China's fluorine chemical industry is driven by the aluminum industry, starting with inorganic fluoride salts. In March 1954, China's first fluoride salt workshop was completed and put into operation at Fushun Aluminum Plant, which is the origin of China's fluorine chemical industry. At the same time, the Beiyang Machinery Plant and Hongyuan Chemical Plant in Shanghai began trial production of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride and fluorine refrigerant monofluoromethylene chloride (R11) and difluoromethylene chloride (R12). After being put into operation in 1956, it was used as a follow-up fluorine. The development of chemical industry has created the preconditions.
After the successful trial production of the first 500mm diameter and 3m reaction converter for domestic production of hydrogen fluoride in 1963, the synthesis technology of fluorine refrigerant has been fundamentally improved. At this point, the production route of fluorine refrigerant has basically formed, laying a foundation for domestic industrial production of fluorine. The foundation.
In 1964, the first domestic 30 ton/year polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) plant was completed at the Shanghai Synthetic Rubber Research Institute, and the suspension PTFE resin was successfully tested. Then the dispersion PTFE resin was produced. After the identification of the Ministry of Chemical Industry, it was officially put into operation. The completion of this device and the successful trial production are the first important milestones in the history of the development of fluorine chemical industry in China, ending the history of the inability to produce PTFE resin in China.
After the reform and opening up, China's fluorine chemical industry gradually entered the "running and running" stage from the "follow-up", and the production technology of various fluorine chemical products has made progress, and the overall technical level of the fluorine chemical industry has also increased.
Shanghai Synthetic Rubber Research Institute has developed nearly ten different grades according to the difference of Mooney viscosity and raw rubber processing performance, forming a relatively complete series of fluorine rubber products, laying the foundation for the development of all mechanical fluorine materials technology of synthetic rubber. In 1984, the PTFE technology for the dilution and cracking of 1000-ton water vapor developed by the former Sixth Design Institute of the Ministry of Chemical Industry and the Shanghai Institute of Organic Fluorine Materials was an important indicator of the development of fluorine chemicals in this period.
In the late 1980s, a number of private enterprises in Jiangsu and Zhejiang began to enter the ranks of producing fluorine refrigerants and fluorine-containing aromatic intermediates, and gradually became the main force in these fields. At the same time, a number of new fluorine chemical technologies During this period, China's fluorine chemical industry has also begun research on high-end fluorine products. The most influential chlor-alkali industrial perfluoro ion exchange membrane, fusible polytetrafluoroethylene (PFA), fluororesin F40, etc., also began exploratory research on perchlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and Halons alternatives.
In the 1990s, with the rapid development of refrigeration, chemical materials and other industries, China's fluorine chemical industry mainly shifted from military support to the civilian market. From the previous technology introduction to the combination of independent development and technology introduction. In addition, due to the formulation of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, the international fluorine chemical industry has loosened the production technology blockade of some fluorine chemical products. The large-scale production equipment for fluoropolymers with PTFE as the main symbol has been gradually built throughout the country. And expansion.
During this period, China's fluorine-containing fine chemicals research was extremely active, and more than 100 kinds of fluorine-containing fine chemicals including fluorine-containing intermediates and fluorosurfactants including drugs and agrochemicals were developed.
In the 21st century, China's fluorine chemical industry has entered the "leading" stage. The level of production technology has increased rapidly, and new breakthroughs have been made in polymer technology and engineering amplification technology. Major PTFE producers such as Shandong Dongyue, Sichuan Chenguang, Shanghai San Aifu, Jiangsu Meilan and Zhejiang Juhua have emerged in China, making China the world's largest producer of PTFE. At the same time, the fluororubber device has also been rapidly expanded, and new products such as powdered fluororubber, low Mooney viscosity fluororubber, high-speed extrusion grade F46 resin, and battery binder for polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) have been gradually introduced. The expansion of fluororesin and fluororubber has made China the world's second largest producer and consumer of fluoropolymers. Foreign fluorine chemical companies have set up factories in China or accelerated the pace of joint ventures.
The history of the development of the fluorine chemical industry: from "following" to "running" and "leading"
However, domestic fluorine chemical enterprises also realize that as China's high-grade fluorite resources are gradually reduced, it is imperative to develop and utilize low-grade fluorine-containing resources and develop a circular economy of fluorine resources. Many companies have begun to use low-grade fluorite or by-product fluorine resources to prepare anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (AHF) to achieve comprehensive utilization of resources.
In the past 70 years, while the scale of the fluorine chemical industry has gradually expanded, more and more fluorine chemical industrial parks have been built. More than a dozen economic development bases or parks based on fluorine chemicals have been formed throughout the country.
In the future, the fluorine chemical industry will continue to adjust the industrial structure, increase technological innovation, accelerate product upgrading, strengthen the application research of fluorine materials, broaden the application fields of fluorine materials, improve the safety and environmental protection level of enterprises, and strengthen the comprehensive utilization of resources and improve Competitiveness and rapid and healthy development of the industry.
Introduction to Fluorine:
The fluorination work is one of the new chemical materials. The fluorine chemical industry has a special plan in the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan”. The fluorine chemical industry is called the gold industry because of its high performance and high added value.
The fluorine chemical industry is a sub-sector of the chemical industry. Due to its wide variety of products, excellent performance and wide application fields, the industry has become an important industry with rapid development. In the longer term, the fluorine chemical industry will also be one of the fastest growing industries in the chemical industry.
The fluorine chemical industry can be divided into two major industries: inorganic fluorine chemical and organic fluorine chemical.
The inorganic fluorine chemical industry is an important part of the chemical industry, and its products are important raw materials and auxiliary materials in the machinery, electronics, metallurgy and other industries. In inorganic fluoride, fluoride salt products such as aluminum fluoride and cryolite, which are raw materials for the production of aluminum electrolysis, account for the vast majority of the total production, and other products have less output.
The history of the development of the fluorine chemical industry: from "following" to "running" and "leading"
Organic fluorine chemical products are widely used in military, chemical, machinery and other fields for their excellent resistance to chemicals, high and low temperature, aging, low friction and insulation. They have become the fastest growing and most high-tech in the chemical industry. And one of the most promising industries.
development of
The fluorine chemical industry does not use oil and natural gas as the main raw material, and its correlation with oil prices is not large, but analysts believe that the increasing global energy supply provides a huge space for the development of fluorosilicon materials. Fluorine products are high-performance chemical new materials, and their production technology is complex. The overall price is higher than that of oil and natural gas. As the price of petroleum products rises, the price gap between the two is gradually narrowing, which provides a broad space for the expansion of the fluorine material application market. The global fluoropolymer production capacity is about 220,000 tons / year, China's production capacity is about 40,000 tons / year, accounting for 18% of the world's total capacity, has become the world's second largest fluoropolymer producer. With the strengthening of economic strength and the improvement of people's living standards, China's demand for fluorine products will grow much faster than the global average. During the 10 years from 2010 to 2020, the global demand for fluoropolymers will continue to grow at the same rate, and the global average demand growth rate of fluorine products will be above 3%. It is estimated that during the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan” period, China's fluoropolymer capacity will maintain an annual growth rate of 15%. In 2010, the production capacity will reach 70,000 tons/year, and the total output will be close to 50,000 tons/year.
From the perspective of various fluorine products, HCFCs will enter a recession period, and their substitutes will have a broad market. The fluororesin will enter the mature stage, and the competition of the main products will increase. The fluororubber will enter the growth period. With the development of China's automobile industry, fluorine rubber will see obvious growth; fluorine coatings will grow with the growth of construction and chemical industry; and the development of fluorine-containing fine chemicals is the most extensive. The gross profit margin of domestic CFC substitutes and CFC products is basically maintained at above 20%. For fluororubber, polyperfluoroethylene propylene or even fluorine fine chemicals, due to strong market demand and weak competition, it will still be Maintain a higher gross profit level of over 30% in the next 3 years.